Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a widely used screening tool for depression. Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, this 9-question assessment helps identify the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. The PHQ-9 is valued by healthcare providers for its brevity, reliability, and effectiveness in monitoring depression symptoms over time.
Last Updated: 4 February, 2025
- Length: 2 minutes
- Questions: 9 questions
- Sensitivity: 88%
- Specificity: 88%
About the PHQ-9
The PHQ-9 is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for mental disorders. It specifically focuses on depression symptoms experienced over the past two weeks. Healthcare providers widely use this tool due to its:
- Strong validation in numerous studies
- Ability to both diagnose depression and track severity over time
- Brief format that maintains high sensitivity and specificity
- Alignment with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for depression
The questionnaire evaluates the frequency of various depressive symptoms, including low mood, sleep issues, fatigue, appetite changes, and thoughts of self-harm. This comprehensive approach helps healthcare providers make informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment planning.
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PHQ-9 Online Assessment
Frequently Asked Questions
The PHQ-9 measures the severity of depression symptoms based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. It assesses nine key areas including mood, sleep, energy, appetite, concentration, and thoughts of self-harm over the past two weeks.
The PHQ-9 has been extensively validated with a sensitivity and specificity of 88% (Kroenke et al., 2001). This means it's effective at identifying both the presence and absence of major depression. However, it should be used as part of a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare professional.
If you receive a high score on the PHQ-9, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation. They can provide a thorough assessment and discuss appropriate treatment options. If you're having thoughts of self-harm, seek immediate help through emergency services or crisis hotlines.
How Scoring Works
The PHQ-9 uses a point system based on the frequency of symptoms over the past two weeks:
- Not at all = 0 points
- Several days = 1 point
- More than half the days = 2 points
- Nearly every day = 3 points
Total scores indicate depression severity:
- 0-4: Minimal depression
- 5-9: Mild depression
- 10-14: Moderate depression
- 15-19: Moderately severe depression
- 20-27: Severe depression
Healthcare providers use these scores alongside clinical judgment to determine appropriate treatment approaches. The PHQ-9 can also be used to monitor response to treatment over time.
The PHQ-9 was developed by Pfizer Inc.